procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  listv: TListItem;
  //以下追加
  function SelectedIcon: Integer;
  var
    i: Integer;
  begin
    Result := -1;
	for i := 0 to GroupBox1.ControlCount - 1 do
	begin
      if GroupBox1.Controls[i] is TSpeedButton then
      begin
       if (GroupBox1.Controls[i] as TSpeedButton).Down then
         Result := GroupBox1.Controls[i].Tag;
      end;
    end;
  end;
  //以上追加
begin
  listv := ListView1.Items.Add;
  listv.Caption := Edit1.Text;
  listv.SubItems.Add(Edit2.Text);
  listv.SubItems.Add(Edit3.Text);
  listv.SubItems.Add(Edit4.Text);
  //以下追加
  listv.ImageIndex := SelectedIcon;
end;